Abstract : Szemeredi was awarded the Abel Prize in 2012 because of his development of the Regularity Lemma. As the prize citation sets out this work brought combinatorics to the centre stage of mathematics by revealing its deep connections to such fields as additive number theory, ergodic theory, theoretical computer science and incidence geometry. The first such connection was its use in his proof that in any sequence of integers of positive density there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. This work had a huge influence on that of two Fields medallists Terence Tao and Tim Gowers, neither of whom is a combinatorialist.
We explain the lemma and survey some applications, a few of which are due to the speaker.